Many of the causes of senior citizens falling and injuring themselves are preventable.
Physicians routinely advise their older patients to exercise, have their vision checked, and monitor whether any medications may cause dizziness. In addition to these commonly known contributors to falls is untreated hearing loss, which has been linked in multiple studies to a significant increase in risk of falls. This information needs to be shared widely with patients over the age of 65, along with encouragement to seek treatment for hearing loss as part of an overall strategy to preserve health and life.
“People with a 25-decibel hearing loss (classified as mild) were nearly three times more likely to have a history of falling than those with no hearing loss. Every additional 10 decibels of hearing loss meant an increased 1.4-fold risk of falling.”1
Falls from hearing loss lead to injuries and hospitalization.
Falls are responsible for numerous injuries and deaths among Americans 65 and older. Older people commonly experience brain injuries, hip and other bone fractures after a fall. Beyond the human cost, these serious conditions generate billions of dollars in healthcare expenses due to extended hospital stays, surgical interventions, and related treatments.
“One out of three adults (age 65 and older) fall each year and falls are the leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries.”2
One of the most significant studies conducted to determine the connection between untreated hearing loss and falls utilized data from the 2001-2004 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This survey has regularly collected health data from thousands of Americans since 1971. More than 2,000 surveyed participants between the ages of 40 and 69 had their hearing tested and responded to the question, “Have you fallen during the past year?” Researchers also tested participants’ vestibular function in order to determine if their balance was being affected by their hearing loss.
The lead researchers reported that people with mild hearing loss (25 decibels) were nearly three times as likely to have a history of falling. Every additional 10 dB of hearing loss increased the likelihood of falling by 1.4. Even after other factors (age, sex, race, cardiovascular disease and vestibular function) were considered, the findings held true.
Dr. Frank Lin, an otologist and epidemiologist who conducted this and several other studies on the broader implication of hearing loss, suggests the following possible reasons for the link to falls:
- People who can’t hear well might not have good awareness of their overall environment, increasing the potential to trip and fall
- Cognitive load increases in those with hearing loss. The brain is overwhelmed with demands on its limited resources to maintain balance and gait, while straining to hear and process auditory input
- Cochlear disorders may include vestibular dysfunction, leading to poor balance
Dr. Dawn Heiman is a clinical audiologist with a private practice, Advanced Audiology Consultants, in Oak Brook, Illinois. She has been helping people hear better for over 15 years.“…a possible causal pathway between hearing loss and falling are intriguing because hering is highly prevalent but remains vastly undertreated in older adults.”3
1USNews.com. Hearing Loss Triples Risk of Falling: Study. 2012 (http://health.usnews.com/health-news/news/articles/2012/02/27/hearing-loss-triples-risk-of-falling-study)
2Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. Home and Recreational Safety. Falls Among Older Adults: An Overview. 2013 (http://www.cdc.gov/homeandrecreational safety/falls/adultfalls.html)
3JAMA Internal Medicine. Hearing Loss and Falls Among Older Adults in the United States. Frank R. Lin, MD, PhD. 2012 (http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1108740)
